Oral surgery is any procedure that involves cutting into or removing tissue from your mouth. It includes procedures like removing a tooth, gum surgery, and getting dental implants. Oral surgery also includes getting rid of diseased tissue from the mouth, correcting jaw problems, or repairing a cleft lip or palate.
Who does this procedure?
Your dentist may perform oral surgery or refer you to an oral surgeon, called an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. An oral surgeon is a dentist who has completed a university post-graduate specialty program in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a specialty of dentistry that deals with the surgical treatment of disorders, diseases, injuries and defects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial regions and related structures.
Sometimes, after minor oral surgery, you may have pain, bleeding and swelling. Proper care after oral surgery will help your mouth heal quickly and cleanly. Here’s what usually happens after oral surgery and how you can deal with it.
You have pain
Once the anesthetic (freezing) wears off, feeling some pain is normal. You might have the most pain in the first 24 to 48 hours after your surgery. Some soreness or discomfort at the site of the surgery may last for 3 to 5 days. The amount of discomfort is different from one person to another and from one operation to another.
| What to do | What NOT to do |
|---|---|
| Your dentist or oral surgeon may prescribe medication. Tell your dentist or oral surgeon about any other prescription medicines or herbal supplements you are taking. | Do not take more medication than advised. |
| Take the medication exactly as your dentist or oral surgeon and pharmacist have instructed. | Do not drink alcohol when taking pain relief medication. |
| It is important to rest. If you are up and about, you may feel more discomfort. | Do not drive or use machines if you are taking narcotic medication. A narcotic may cause you to feel drowsy. Your dentist, oral surgeon or pharmacist will tell you if your pain relief medication is a narcotic. |
| Call your dentist or oral surgeon if the pain does not get any better within 48 hours or at any time if you think there is a problem. |
You have bleeding
You will probably bleed for the first hour or 2 after surgery. The area may continue to ooze for up to 24 hours. Blood and saliva mix together in your mouth and this can make it look like you are bleeding more than you really are. After 4 hours, if you cannot control the bleeding by pressing firmly on the area with a gauze pad, call your dentist or oral surgeon.
| What to do | What NOT to do |
|---|---|
| Your dentist or oral surgeon will use a gauze pad over the wound to cut down on the amount of bleeding while the blood clots. This gauze pad should be left in place for an hour no matter how soggy it becomes. Keep firm and constant pressure on the gauze pad by closing your teeth firmly on the pad. | Do not rinse your mouth within the first 24 hours, even if the bleeding and oozing leave a bad taste in your mouth. |
| If you are still bleeding after 1 hour, put a new gauze pad on the area and continue to put firm and constant pressure on the pad for another hour. | Do not chew on the gauze pad or suck on the wound. |
| Rest and keep your head raised. Rest slows down the circulation (flow) of blood. This helps stop the bleeding and helps you to heal faster. | Do not strain yourself for 2 full days after your surgery. |
| Brush and floss your teeth as usual, but stay away from the wound and use only a little bit of water. | Avoid hot liquids like coffee and tea. If you eat soup, let it cool first. Hot liquids increase the flow of blood and your wound can start to bleed again. |
| If you are still bleeding a lot and it has been 4 hours or longer since your surgery, call your dentist or oral surgeon. | Avoid alcohol and tobacco for the first 2 weeks after surgery. They make it harder for the blood to clot and easier for an infection to start. Alcohol and tobacco will also delay healing. |
| A full day after surgery, rinse your mouth gently with warm water. Your dentist or oral surgeon may suggest that you add 1/2 teaspoon of salt to a cup of warm water each time you rinse. Rinse 4 or 5 times a day, for 3 or 4 days. |
You have swelling
Your face may swell in the first 24 hours after oral surgery. The swelling may last for 5 to 7 days. Once the swelling starts to go down, your face may bruise. The bruising could last for up to 10 days after your surgery.
| What to do | What NOT to do |
|---|---|
| On the FIRST day after surgery, put a cold compress on the swollen area. You can make a cold compress by wrapping ice cubes in a towel or you can use a bag of frozen vegetables. Keep the cold compress there for 10 minutes. Take it off for 10 minutes, then put it back on for another 10 minutes. Do this over and over again for the first 24 hours after surgery, if possible. | Do not apply heat to the swollen area in the first 24 hours after surgery. This will only make the swelling worse. |
| On the SECOND day after surgery, put something warm on the swollen area. You can make a warm compress by wrapping a hot water bottle or a heating pad in a towel. The warmth will increase blood flow or circulation and bring down the swelling. Do not use anything hot enough to burn your skin. Call your dentist or oral surgeon if the swelling continues to get worse 48 hours after surgery, or if the swelling does not go down within 7 days after surgery. |
Your jaw is sore
After surgery, your jaw muscles may be sore and it may be hard to open your mouth for up to 7 to 10 days. Your jaw muscles may have become stiff and sore from holding your mouth open during surgery.
| What to do | What NOT to do |
|---|---|
| If your jaw muscles are not too sore, massage them gently with a warm, moist face cloth. | Do not force your mouth open. |
| Eat foods that are easy to chew such as eggs, pasta and bananas. Have drinks like milkshakes, milk and juices. | Do not chew gum or eat hard or chewy foods. |
| If, after 7 to 10 days, your jaw muscles are still tender or your mouth is still hard to open, call your dentist or oral surgeon. |
Warning signs:
- If you have any of the following problems after oral surgery, call your dentist or oral surgeon right away:
- You are bleeding a lot and it has been 4 hours, or longer, since your surgery.
- You have the feeling that you are going to throw up.
- You are throwing up.
- You have a fever.
- You have pain that does not get any better, and it has been 1 full day or longer since your surgery.
- Your swelling is still getting worse, and it has been 2 days or longer since your surgery.